Energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at metal mines in Ghana and the implications of Ghana’s climate change policy

Abstract

Energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have emerged as significant challenges in the mining sector, particularly in resource-abundant nations like Ghana, where mining is vital for economic growth. This research examines energy usage trends and GHG emissions in metal mines in Ghana and considers the impact of Ghana's climate change policy on the mining industry. The research employs secondary data from specific mining firms and uses statistical and regression analysis to assess the link between energy use from electricity and diesel and the resulting GHG emissions. The results show that diesel usage plays a major role in GHG emissions compared to electricity usage, suggesting that fuel-related energy sources are the primary contributors to emissions in the mining industry. The regression analysis reveals a positive relationship between energy use and GHG emissions, with diesel exhibiting a greater coefficient than electricity. The research also emphasizes that Ghana's existing climate change policies, such as the National Climate Change Policy and the nation's pledges under the Paris Agreement, establish a framework for decreasing GHG emissions. Nonetheless, there are deficiencies in applying these policies, especially within the mining industry. The main finding of the research is that diesel is the main source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at mines in Ghana. There is a strong link between diesel use and emissions and mines that use more grid electricity and natural gas, are more energy-efficient and produce fewer emissions. The research suggests that mining firms should implement energy-efficient technologies, boost their reliance on renewable energy sources, and synchronize their activities with Ghana's climate change reduction strategies. Moreover, the government should enhance regulatory frameworks and offer incentives to motivate the mining industry to embrace low-carbon technologies. This study offers empirical formulation on the link between energy usage and GHG emissions in Ghana's mining industry, acting as a resource for policymakers, environmental advocates, and the mining sector in fostering sustainable energy approaches.