Kinesiology and Health Sciences / Kinésiologie et des sciences de la santé

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Leadership status congruency and cohesion in outdoor adventure groups
(2008-08) Ritchie, Stephen; Eys, Mark; Oddson, Bruce; Little, Jim; Slade, Heather
The general purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between status congruency and group cohesion in an outdoor expedition setting. Specifically, three aspects of status congruency were assessed in relation to group cohesion in four adventure canoe groups. These groups were participating in two week expeditions in the northern areas of the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. The participants were 32 upper year undergraduate students enrolled in a central Canadian university (Mage = 8 22.41 + 2.43 years). Results indicated that (a) individuals who ranked themselves higher in the group’s status hierarchy compared to where their peers ranked them had decreased attractions to social aspects of the group; (b) perceptions of group cohesion were greater when individuals occupying formal leadership positions were higher in the group’s status ranking (i.e., greater congruency between formal and informal status hierarchies); and (c) individuals who were members of groups that had some level of consensus regarding status rankings perceived their groups to be more cohesive than those who were members of a group that had no consensus.
Manifestations of critical thinking in health and physical education teachers: an examination of three case studies
(2011-01-01) Kpazaï, Georges; Daniel, Marie-France; Kossivi, Attiklémé
This study investigated the critical thinking manifestations of three Health and Physical Education (HPE) Teachers during the teaching/learning process in three elementary school HPE classes. Based on the conceptual framework of critical thinking developed by Lipman (1991, 1995, 2006), the present study describes and interprets the elements of this form of thinking in Physical Education Teachers. The results of the present study indicate that although critical thinking is not manifested in the same manner in all three teachers, it does however appear as a problem-solving process with the objective of optimizing students’ learning.
The role of professional experience on the dimension reflexibility in teaching: a case study of two secondary school and Health and Physical Education teachers
(2012-01-01) Kpazaï, Georges; Attiklemé, Kossivi
The role of professional experience on the dimension of reflexivity in teaching: A case study of two secondary school Health and Physical Education teachers. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 254-262, 2012. The present study is based on empirical data generated from the rationale behind the pedagogical approach of two Health and Physical Education teachers with varying years of experience (30 years and 5 years respectively). Building on the topology of reflexivity put forward by Van Manen, one aim of the current study is to understand whether professional experience influences the nature of the objects of reflection of these two Health and Physical Education teachers during the teachinglearning process. A second objective is to determine whether a link exists between teachers’ level of reflexivity and their level of professional competence.
Le développement du sport de performance au Bénin: de l'analyse d'un modèle à un essai de problématique globale
(2012-01-01) Gouda, Souaïba; Kpazaï, Georges
Le seul modèle du développement sportif retenu en Afrique noire francophone a été celui du sport de performance tel qu’il a été proposé par la charte olympique. Cette charte en déclarant le sport au-dessus de la politique et de la religion (et jusqu’à un moment plus récent encore au-dessus de l’économie), introduit explicitement l’idée que le sport peut se concevoir hors de toute contrainte politique, économique et culturelle. Basés sur des modèles d’analyse des résultats sportifs mettant de l’avant les paramètres sportifs et socio-économiques, les auteurs de cette étude tentent de montrer que le développement du sport de performance se fonde nécessairement sur un développement global et harmonieux, c’est-à-dire un développement économique, scientifique et technologique.
Les différentes catégories de conceptualisation de la pensée critique en éducation et en formation
(2012-01-01) Kpazaï, Georges; Attiklemé, Kossivi
Le present article examine les differentes categorisations des conceptions de la pensee critique telles qu'elles sont vehiculees dans Ie domaine de I'education et de la formation. A partir d'une analyse de contenu de differents articles scientifiques et travaux en education et en formation, les auteurs deduisent qu'ils existent trois grandes categories conceptuelles de la pensee critique. Celles-ci sont presentees et discutees.
Étude de la pensée critique en éducation physique et santé : les manifestations de la penseé critique chez les enseignants d'éducation physique et santé
(paf, 2013-04-01) Kpazaï, Georges
Foot-transmitted vibration: exposure characteristics and the biodynamic response of the foot
(Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013-07-30) Goggins, Katie A.
Research shows miners can be exposed to foot-transmitted vibration (FTV) when operating various pieces of underground mining equipment, and case reports suggest workers are experiencing symptoms similar to those of hand-arm vibration syndrome in their feet. A field study was conducted to measure and document FTV exposure associated with operating underground mining equipment, and probable health risks were determined based on both ISO 2631-1 (1997) for WBV and ISO 5349-1 (2004) for HAV. Seventeen participating operator’s also reported musculoskeletal discomfort. Seventeen male participants ranging between 24-61 years of age, with an average height and mass of 175.0cm and 88.2kg volunteered for the study. Seventeen pieces of equipment were tested; 1 locomotive, 1 crusher, 9 bolter drills (4 scissor platforms, 2 Maclean, 2 Boart/basket, and 1 RDH), and 6 jumbo drills. Including all seventeen pieces of underground mining equipment, the vibration acceleration ranged from 0.13-1.35m/s2 with dominant frequencies between 1.25-250Hz according to ISO 2631-1. According to ISO 5349-1 vibration acceleration ranged from 0.14-3.61m/s2 with dominant frequencies between 6.3-250Hz. Furthermore, the magnitude of FTV measured on the jumbo drills with grated platforms (#5 and #6) was less than FTV measured from the jumbo drills with, solid metal surfaces. Additionally, twelve of the seventeen equipment operators indicated a complaint of discomfort in their lower body (specifically at the level of the knee or lower). The health risk analysis based on ISO 2631-1 indicated that one operator (bolter drill #9) was exposed to vibration above the criterion value, while the health risk analysis based on ISO 5349-1 indicated iv that two operators (jumbo drill #1 and bolter drill #1) were exposed to vibration above the criterion value. Operators reported very severe or severe discomfort; however, the same operators were not the operators of the equipment with FTV exposure levels above the ISO standards, leaving evidence to suggest that the standards are not properly assessing injury risk to vibration exposure via the feet. Future research is needed to develop a standard specific for FTV and to determine the link between early musculoskeletal injury reporting and the onset of vibration white foot. To do so, a better understanding of the biodynamic response of the foot to FTV is needed. A laboratory study was conducted to 1) measure and document transmissibility of FTV from (a) floor-to-ankle (lateral malleolus), and (b) floor-to-metatarsal, during exposure to six levels of vibration (25Hz, 30Hz, 35Hz, 40Hz, 45Hz, and 50Hz) while standing, and 2) to determine whether independent variables (vibration exposure frequency, mass, arch type) influence transmissibility (dependent variable) through the foot. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. There was a significant interaction between transmissibility location and exposure frequency (λ = 0.246, F (5,25) = 15.365, p = 0.0001). There were significant differences in mean transmissibility between the ankle and metatarsal at 40Hz [t(29) = 4.116, p = 0.00029], 45Hz [t(29) = 6.599, p = 0.00000031], and 50Hz [t(29) = 8.828, p = 0.000000001]. The greatest transmissibility at the metatarsal occurred at 50Hz and at the ankle (lateral malleolus) transmissibility was highest from 25-30Hz, indicating the formation of a local resonance at each location. v Future research should focus on identifying resonance frequencies at different locations on the feet. This information is needed to develop an exposure guideline to help protect workers from exposure to FTV, and to develop personal protective equipment capable of attenuating harmful FTV exposure frequencies.
Understanding the meanings created around the aging body and sports by masters athletes through media data
(Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2013-10-10) Oghene, Patrick Odirin
There is literature based on masters athletes and their involvement in sports at the later stages of life. Masters athletes are exercise-trained individuals who compete in athletic events at a high level well beyond a typical retirement age (Tanaka & Seals, 2008). These athletes vary widely in age but are typically older than 35 years, with many more over the ages of 50 and well into old age. The research questions guiding this study included; (a) what are the media representation of masters athletes, and how are they used to generate meanings around aging, sports and the aging body and (b) what are the implications of these meanings on how the aging body is represented to the audience. A qualitative (i.e., case study) approach was used to explore what meanings were generated around aging and sports through media narratives in relation to aging successfully. Media data in the form of sports magazines (i.e., Runner’s World and Lexis-Nexis data base) were compiled for the data analysis. This research focused specifically on two cases, 81year old Ed Whitlock, a Canadian long distance marathon runner, and 77 year-old Jeanne Daprano, an American masters track and field athlete. The data included (n=41 Ed Whitlock, n= 17 Jeanne Daprano). The data were analyzed via an inductive thematic analysis (see Braun & Clarke, 2006). The following central themes emerged a) life-long involvement in sports (higher order themes: earlier sporting experience, triumphant return, uninterrupted engagement), (b) performance narratives (serious contenders, reasoning for performance, systematic training, an individualized approach), and (c) decline narratives (resistance to declines in old age, sports related injuries, maintenance of performance). This study highlights how both athletes were depicted in the media narratives, demonstrating that their involvement in sports in later life provided an alternate way to view the aging process. The findings from this study seek to extend the understanding of masters athletes, by contextualization how they challenge some of the decline narratives associated with old age.
Evaluating the Reliability of Assessing Home-Packed Food Items Using Digital Photographs and Dietary Log Sheets
(2013-11) Dorman, Sandra
Objective: To assess the reliability of manual data entry for home-packed food items by using digital photographs and dietary log sheets. Methods: Data from 60 lunches were entered by researcher A and B independently. Researcher B re-entered researcher A’s items within 1 week. Researcher B then re-entered her items 4 weeks from the initial entry point. Results: The inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.83 for total kilocalories and ranged from 0.75–0.87 for macronutrients. The intra-rater reliability ICC was 0.92 for total kcal and ranged from 0.90–0.92 for macronutrients. The inter-rater ICCs for the 5 selected micronutrients ranged from 0.33–0.83, whereas the intra-rater ICCs for these micronutrients ranged from 0.65–0.98. Conclusions and Implications: This method of data entry is feasible and its reliability is promising for macronutrient investigations. Continued assessment of this method for investigations related to micronutrient content is recommended.
Community-Based Emergency Care: An Open Report for Nishnawbe Aski Nation
(2014) Ritchie, Stephen; Orkin, Aaron; VanderBurgh, Dave; Fortune, Melanie
This report summarizes the learnings of the Community-Based Emergency Care Roundtable, a two-day multi-jurisdictional meeting held in October 2013 in Sioux Lookout, Ontario. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss and address pre-nursing station emergency care needs in remote and isolated First Nation communities in Ontario. Representatives of First Nations’ governance and community organizations, Ontario Provincial and Canadian Federal governments, nursing and paramedical services, and non-governmental organizations joined together to develop shared understandings and a vision for the future of emergency care in remote and isolated settings. This report offers a Vision, Key Recommendations and Guiding Principles with which to improve emergency care for all injured and ill people in remote and isolated First Nation communities in Nishnawbe Aski Nation.
The adaptation challenges and strategies of immigrant high performance coaches working within the canadian sport system
(Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014-01-27) Cummings, Jessica
The objective of this study was to understand the adaptation challenges and solutions experienced by immigrant coaches relocated to Canada. Ten high performance immigrant coaches were recruited, each completing a demographic questionnaire and partaking in an individual interview, providing insight into their experiences and cultural challenges. Results of the study were presented under two central themes: a) communication (language barriers and coach-athlete negotiations), and b) socialization (Canadian sport backdrop and views of sport in the immigrant coach’s home versus host country). A common adaptation solution was the importance of social support resources, with the immigrant coaches adjusting with less acculturative stress when a reciprocal relationship was developed between themselves and those they worked with. From this preliminary project there is an indication that sport psychology consultants (SPCs) should work with immigrant coaches, and coaches and athletes of the host country to foster this bi-directional learning processes, facilitating the coaches’ transition.
Smoke Exposure Has Transient Pulmonary and Systemic Effects in Wildland Firefighters
(2014-01-30) Dorman, Sandra
Respiratory exposure to air pollutants is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and firefighters have been shown to be at an increased risk of work-related cardiovascular events. Wildland firefighters experience intermittent, intense exposure to biomass smoke. The aim of this study was to characterize the respiratory and systemic effects of smoke exposure in wildland firefighters. Seventeen seasonal firefighters from a northeastern Ontario community were recruited at the beginning of the fire season and baseline measurements obtained; postexposure measurements were made at various times within 16 d of firefighting. Spirometric measurements showed a transient decline in forced vital capacity within 7 d of fire exposure, not evident by 8–16 d. Induced sputum showed a significant increase in macrophages and epithelial cells within 7 d, with evidence that macrophages had internalized particles; such changes were not evident in the second week following exposure. Likewise, peripheral blood analysis revealed significant increases in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, monocytes, and platelets within the first week after fire exposure, which were diminished 8–16 d in postexposure group.We conclude that acute exposure to forest-fire smoke elicits transient inflammatory responses, both in the airways and systemically.Whether these changes contribute to the observed increased risk of cardiovascular events requires further study.
Inhalation of Nebulized Diesel Particulate Matter: A Safety Trial in Healthy Humans
(2014-02-14) Dorman, Sandra
Diesel particulate matter (DPM) has adverse health effects. Examining the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms would be facilitated by the introduction of an exposure method that is safe, portable, and cost-effective. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel method to study DPM exposure via nebulization and an inhalation dose that was safe, yet capable of eliciting an inflammatory response. Ten participants enrolled in this nonblinded, nonrandomized study. Subjects inhaled nebulized 0.9% saline and increasing doses of DPM suspended in 0.9% saline (75, 150, and 300 𝜇g) in a sequential manner. FEV1 was measured repeatedly during the first 2 h after exposure and blood, oximetry, sputum, and heart rate were taken before, 2 h, and 24 h after inhalation challenge. DPM inhalation was well-tolerated at all doses. A decrease in FEV1 was observed after each inhalation challenge (including saline). Inhalation of 300 𝜇g DPM produced a significantly different FEV1 response curve. An increase in particle inclusion-positive sputum macrophages for all DPM doses confirmed that the nebulized particles were reaching the lower airways. SerumGM-CSF was elevated after exposures to 150 and 300 𝜇gDPM.No other inflammatory changes were detected.DPM inhalation via nebulizer is a safe method of delivering low doses of DPMs in healthy people.
Identifying return to work predictors among individuals obtaining psychological services
(Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014-03-17) Leduc, Caleb
Mental health problems have incapacitating effects on an individual’s capacity to hold and maintain employment. Over half a million Canadians are absent from work due to mental health problems every day, which costs Canadian companies an estimated 14% of their net annual profit. Individuals who miss work for mental health reasons often experience longer periods of absence, and return to work at a much lower rate than individuals absent for other reasons (e.g., physical injury). Regrettably, empirically based return to work interventions focused on mental health problems are lacking, likely the product of a lack of consensus surrounding salient predictors of return to work. The current study sought to add to current literature aimed at identifying factors that influence the likelihood of successful re-entry into the workforce. A review of patient files from a private psychological practice yielded the sample. Clients were selected based on their satisfaction of one central criterion: having experienced a workplace absence and suffered from a mood or anxiety disorder as classified by the DSM-IV-TR. Recruitment letters and consent forms were mailed to 74 eligible participants, for a response rate of 68% (n=50). The sample was predominantly female (n=38 or 76%). Of the 50 participants, 27 successfully reintegrated to the workforce (RTW=54%), following a mean absence of 13 months (SD=7.37). Emerging from the results are higher risk categories (e.g., physically injured workers, low educational requirements, disability providers) of reduced likelihood of successful return to work. The role of symptom severity and availability of social support is also discussed along with best practice implications for stakeholder/practitioners.
Community-based first aid: a program report on the intersection of community-based participatory research and first aid education in a remote Canadian Aboriginal community
(2014-04-15) Ritchie, Stephen; VanderBurgh, Dave; Jamieson, R; Beardy, Jackson; Orkin, Aaron
Community-based first aid training is the collaborative development of locally relevant emergency response training. The Sachigo Lake Wilderness Emergency Response Education Initiative was developed, delivered, and evaluated through two intensive five-day first aid courses. Sachigo Lake First Nation is a remote aboriginal community of 450 people in northern Ontario, Canada with no local paramedical services. These courses were developed in collaboration with the community, with a goal of building community capacity to respond to medical emergencies. Issue. Most first aid training programs rely on standardized curriculum developed for urban & rural contexts with established emergency response systems. Delivering effective community-based first aid training in remote aboriginal communities required specific adaptations to conventional first aid educational content and pedagogy. Lessons Learned. Three key lessons emerged during this program that used collaborative principles to adapt conventional first aid concepts and curriculum. (1) 15 Standard algorithmic approaches may not be relevant nor appropriate. Relationships between course participants and the people they help are relevant and important. Curriculum must be attentive to existing informal and formal emergency response systems. These lessons may be instructive for the development of other programs in similar settings.
The effect of a six-week whole body vibration training protocol on the physical capacities and fatigability of overweight young female adults
(Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014-05-21) Serresse, Suzanne
Whole body vibration (WBV) training is a relatively new training technique and is considered low intensity as it elicits non-voluntary muscle contractions generated by mechanical vibrations. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-week WBV training paradigm on the physical capacities and fatigability of overweight young female adults. We hypothesized that WBV would increase fat free mass as well as leg power and strength, decrease the fatigue index of the lower limbs during the Wingate test, increase fatigue resistance, improve neuromuscular efficiency and decrease fatigue perception in overweight young female adults. Participants (n=24) were overweight young female adults (body fat percentage 30-35) between the ages of 20 and 40 and were randomized into 2 groups; control group (CON; n=10) or whole body vibration group (VIB; n=14). This study consisted of six weeks of training and four testing sessions: 2 before (sessions 1 & 2) and 2 following (sessions 3 & 4) the training regimen. During testing sessions 1 and 3, the basal metabolic rate, body composition, leg power (Wingate), elasticity index (EI), squat and countermovement jumps and fatigue perception (questionnaires) were assessed for all subjects. Isokinetic tests to measure strength and muscle fatigue tests were performed during testing sessions 2 and 4. The training protocol lasted 6 weeks and exercises were performed 3 times a week. Sessions lasted 30 minutes and entailed 15 sets of 1-minute exercises followed by 1-minute rest intervals. One set consisted of 15 controlled and timed squats (15 flexion and extension per minute). The VIB group performed their exercises on the power Plate® pro 6. Vertical vibration amplitude settings were kept on low (2mm) throughout the entire 6 weeks and set at a frequency of 30Hz for weeks 1-3 and increased to 35Hz for weeks 4-6. The CON group performed the same exercises without vibration. iv The results revealed that a 6-week WBV training regimen had no effect on body composition or basal metabolic rate. WBV training did not affect EI as evidenced by similar squat jump and countermovement jump measures for both the CON and VIB groups. WBV training had no effect on leg power as measured using the Wingate ergocycle. The Wingate test did show a decrease in the fatigue index for both groups (p˂0.05). Unexpectedly, a decrease in strength was found in extension phase during the eccentric contractions (120°/s) and flexion phase during concentric contractions (120°/s and 180°/s). As there were no changes in fat free mass, it seems that the reduction in strength was due to central changes. The fatigue rate represented by regression slopes showed that the VIB group was more fatigue resistant post training compared to the CON group. Fatigue perception as measured using a multidimensional approach with questionnaires (FSS, MFI and SHARP) revealed no changes in fatigability for either group. To conclude, this study demonstrated that WBV training in overweight young female adults had minimal effects on the physical capacities and fatigability of our subjects. Higher intensity vibration parameters, a longer training regimen or individualized vibration parameters may have greater benefits for overweight subjects and should be considered in future studies.
La présence de la pensée critique chez les enseignants d'éducation physique et sportive: un miroir à la compétence professionnelle en éducation physique
(2014-10-01) Kpazaï, Georges
Le "monde intérieur" de l'enseignante et de l'enseignant d'éducation physique et sportive est devenu une variable déterminante dans la compréhension et la justification de l'acte pédagogique de ces professionnels. Ainsi, la pensée critique de ces acteurs sociaux se présente comme un indicateur privilégié susceptible de rendre compte non seulement des procerssus mentaux en jeu par ces professionnels de l'enseignement mais aussi de la nature des questions sur lesquelles ils délibèrent le plus souvent lors du processue enseignement-apprentissage. La présente étude essaie, dans un premier temps, de décrire la forme et le fond de la pensée critique déployée par des enseignants d'éducation physique et sportive (EPS), puis d'analyser le rapport de cette forme de pensée au statut professionnel de ces enseignants.
An exploration of women’s cardiovascular disease within a corporate partner magazine of the Heart Truth campaign
(Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014-10-07) Gonsalves, Christine ann
The purpose of this research study was to explore the social construction of women’s cardiovascular disease, identities and health within Glamour magazine, a corporate partner of The Heart Truth® campaign. The Heart Truth campaign was implemented as a United States (U.S.) national action plan in 2002 to increase women’s awareness about their leading cause of death (i.e., cardiovascular disease), and encourage women to take action to manage various risk factors. By conducting an ethnographic content analysis of relevant information within the inaugural October 2003 issue of Glamour, the following themes were identified: (a) a culture of consumerism (overarching theme); (b) the oblivious, unknowledgeable, dependent woman at risk (sub-theme); and (c) attaining a particular version of a healthy, feminine woman. These findings reveal the problematic ‘feminization’ of cardiovascular disease through the promotion of heteronormative ideals and gendered social order, and dependency on broader institutions and corporations.
The impact of classroom scheduling on student in nutrition in full-day early learning kindergarten (ELK) versus traditional full-day junior/senior kindergarten classes
(2014-12-16) Dinnes, Charley-Anne
Background This thesis assessed the quality/quantity of student lunches amongst children using either the Early Learning Kindergarten (ELK) or full-day junior/senior kindergarten schedule; both of which differed in regards to school scheduling. ELK students were allotted two 40 minute nutrition breaks compared to the full day junior/senior kindergarten schedule who were allotted two 20 minute nutrition breaks.
L’évaluation en sports collectifs selon l’APC dans les collèges de l’Ouémé : le cas de l’enseignement du volleyball
(2015-01-01) Atoun, Carlos; Agbodjogbe, Basile; Attiklemé, Kossivi; Ogueboule, Bachar; Kpazaï, Georges
Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser les difficultés rencontrées par les enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive (EPS) lors de l’évaluation des élèves au volleyball. Il s’agit de mettre en évidence les contraintes qui pèsent sur l’évaluation des élèves lors de l’enseignement de cette discipline. La théorie de l’action conjointe de Sensevy (2002) a servi de cadre conceptuel à la recherche dans une perspective transpositive et comparative. De l’analyse des résultats, il ressort que les enseignants participants à l’étude ont utilisé des critères d’évaluation définis selon la logique d’une approche par compétences (APC) sans concevoir une grille d’observation. En effet, les procédures d’évaluation utilisées ne sont pas conformes à celles prescrites par les Nouveaux Programmes d’Études (NPE). Les enseignants ont des difficultés pour mettre en œuvre de tels critères. Au nombre de ces difficultés, il y a : l’élaboration de la grille d’observation et surtout son remplissage au cours de l’évaluation, du nombre élevé de critères d’évaluation ; la gestion des effectifs pléthoriques en situation; l’objectivité, la justesse et la fidélité dans l’appréciation des actions très rapides au volleyball alors que les élèves sont plusieurs en action.

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